About Border Collies
A smart and versatile breed
Border Collie Breed Guide
Border Collies are a medium-sized, highly intelligent breed known for their loyalty, responsiveness, and gentle nature. Originally developed along the border of Scotland and England, they’ve grown into much-loved companions appreciated for their calm presence and intuitive connection with their owners. While historically used for farm work, today’s Border Collies—like those from Jeszacia—are bred with a strong focus on temperament, making them well-suited to relaxed home life and family environments.
Border Collies as Family Pets
Border Collies were originally bred for herding but have evolved over the years into a highly versatile breed. Today, they’re often found in family homes and suburban backyards—not as working dogs, but as much-loved companions and loyal family members.
Border Collies make wonderful family dogs because they are affectionate, loyal, and extremely intelligent. They get along beautifully with people of all ages, including children, and often bond very closely with their humans. Calm by nature and bred for their gentle, thoughtful temperaments, Jeszacia Border Collies are easygoing and content simply being by your side.
They thrive on companionship and do best when they’re included in family life—whether it’s joining you for a quiet walk, relaxing at your feet while you work, or curling up on the couch for a cuddle. Their intelligence helps them settle quickly into routines, and they’re eager to please, often learning commands and household habits with ease. They don’t need to be kept constantly active to be happy—they just need to feel involved and loved.
While they enjoy spending time outside, Border Collies don’t do well left alone in a yard all day. They much prefer being near their family. Like any dog, they need guidance and structure as puppies, and benefit from mental stimulation to stay happy. But this doesn’t mean high-energy play or constant entertainment—Jeszacia Border Collies are bred to be calm, manageable pets, not hyperactive herding machines.
They’re excellent house dogs, often choosing a spot where they can keep an eye on the household and quietly observe. Many are great with other pets when introduced properly, and they tend to be very in-tune with the family’s routines. It’s not uncommon for them to "check in" on the kids, follow you from room to room, or quietly wait for the next shared moment.
The first 16 weeks of their life are especially important—this is when they learn to trust, socialise, and develop the wonderful temperament that will stay with them into adulthood. With the right support and love during this early stage, they grow into some of the most affectionate, well-mannered dogs you could hope for.
Border Collies truly become part of the family. They’re not just pets—they’re companions, protectors, and best friends. Treat them with kindness and respect, and they will give you their whole heart.
History & Origin
The Border Collie’s lineage traces back over 300 years to the Anglo-Scottish border region. The breed name itself comes from this geographic origin on the border of Scotland and England. A pivotal figure in Border Collie history is Old Hemp (1893–1901), a talented herding dog bred by Adam Telfer; Old Hemp’s working style was so effective that he sired around 200 puppies and is considered the progenitor of the modern breed.
The term "Border Collie" was first coined in 1915 by James Reid, Secretary of the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS), to distinguish these working dogs from show-line collies of the time.
Border Collies were introduced to Australia in the late 19th to early 20th century, where they quickly proved invaluable to the sheep industry. Records indicate the breed was first imported to Australia in 1901. They were later recognised (in 1953) as part of Australia’s working dog heritage, and Australia is often regarded as a second home of breed development, especially in the conformation (show) ring.
Early imported dogs like Hindhope Jed (brought from the UK to New Zealand and then Australia) demonstrated the breed’s superior herding skills in Australasian sheepdog trials, cementing the Border Collie’s reputation down under.
Physical Characteristics
Border Collies are a medium-sized breed with a graceful, balanced build. Males typically stand about 48–53 cm at the shoulder (19–21 inches) and weigh roughly 14–25 kg, while females are slightly smaller at 46–51 cm (18–20 inches) and 12–19 kg. They have a lean, well-proportioned frame with smooth, efficient movement and an elegant presence. Their expression is often soft and intelligent, with ears that may be erect or semi-erect, adding to their alert yet gentle look.
One of the breed’s defining features is its double coat. There are two coat varieties: rough and smooth. The rough coat is moderately long with feathering on the chest, belly, and legs, giving a fuller, shaggy appearance; the smooth coat is shorter and coarser with little feathering, lying close to the body. In both cases, a soft, dense undercoat lies beneath a weather-resistant outer coat, providing excellent insulation in both cold and warm climates.
Coat colours are highly variable—any colour or combination of colours is possible. The classic Border Collie look is black and white (often with a white blaze and collar), but they also come in tricolour (black, tan, and white), red and white, blue (grey) and white, chocolate brown, blue merle, red merle, and more.
Breed standards simply require that white should not be the predominant colour (white should be less than 50% of the coat). This allows for a wide variety of markings and patterns—from full white collars and faces to speckles or merle patterns—making each dog’s appearance quite unique. Their eyes are typically brown but can also be blue or heterochromatic (different-coloured) in merle-coloured dogs. The tail is moderately long, carried low with a slight upward swirl at the tip, and never docked.
Temperament & Personality
Border Collies are widely regarded as one of the most intelligent dog breeds, and their temperament reflects a thoughtful, intuitive nature. At Jeszacia, we breed Border Collies with calm, affectionate personalities—dogs that are just as happy relaxing at home as they are spending time with their families.
They are deeply loyal and often form strong bonds with their people, sometimes earning the nickname “velcro dogs” for their tendency to stay close to their favourite humans. While typically friendly and affectionate with their family, they may be a little reserved with strangers at first. Early socialisation helps them grow into confident, well-adjusted companions.
Border Collies are eager to please, highly responsive, and very in tune with their environment. They thrive on gentle guidance and enjoy being involved in daily life. Their sensitivity makes them excellent communicators—they pick up on tone, mood, and subtle changes, often anticipating what their humans need.
Rather than intense or overly driven, Jeszacia Border Collies are bred to be steady, relaxed, and even-tempered. They enjoy companionship, respond beautifully to positive reinforcement, and settle well into both quiet households and active family settings.
Exercise & Activity Needs
Border Collies enjoy gentle daily activity and companionship, but unlike many lines bred for work or sport, Jeszacia Border Collies are calm, content, and well-suited to relaxed home life. While they benefit from regular walks, time outdoors, and mental engagement, they do not require intense physical exertion or constant stimulation to be happy.
Most adult Border Collies thrive with consistent low-to-moderate exercise—such as walks, some playtime in the backyard, or simply being involved in everyday family routines. At Jeszacia, our dogs are bred for calm temperaments and are not prone to hyperactivity or restlessness indoors.
Mental stimulation can come from gentle interaction, enrichment toys, or training through calm cues and routines. Our dogs enjoy being close to their people and are naturally attentive, responsive, and easy to live with.
Puppies and younger dogs do enjoy bursts of energy, but this is usually expressed through natural play and curiosity rather than constant activity. Short sessions of outdoor play, structured socialisation, and positive experiences are ideal. Senior dogs, too, benefit from regular walks and light engagement, helping them stay healthy and connected.
Because our Border Collies are bred to be calm and balanced, they adapt well to households of all activity levels and do not require excessive physical or mental exertion. They’re happiest when they’re part of the family’s day-to-day life—relaxed, loved, and gently engaged.
Training & Socialising
Training a Border Collie is a rewarding and straightforward experience when approached with patience and consistency. Border Collies are responsive, eager to please, and sensitive to their handler’s tone and body language, making them well-suited to positive reinforcement techniques. At Jeszacia, our dogs are bred for calm, thoughtful temperaments that make training a natural and enjoyable part of daily life.
Rather than needing constant novelty or stimulation, these dogs thrive in homes where they are gently guided and included in everyday routines. Short, consistent training sessions using praise, treats, and kind encouragement are highly effective. Harsh corrections or raised voices are not necessary—Border Collies are naturally cooperative and responsive when handled with respect.
Early socialisation is important to help puppies grow into confident, relaxed adults. Exposure to a variety of people, environments, and other animals helps them feel comfortable in different situations and prevents unnecessary shyness. Puppy classes and calm playtime with other dogs can be helpful for building social skills and confidence.
While Border Collies are intelligent, Jeszacia lines are bred to be balanced and steady—not overly intense or reactive. With gentle structure and routine, they quickly learn what’s expected of them and settle beautifully into family life. Training builds trust and communication, and many owners find that their Jeszacia Border Collie becomes an attentive, well-mannered companion with ease.
Grooming & Coat Care
Despite their thick and fluffy appearance, Border Collies are actually low-maintenance when it comes to grooming – as long as you know the basics.
Border Collies have a beautiful double coat that consists of a long, smooth outer layer and a shorter, soft undercoat. While they do shed year-round, brushing just two to three times a week is usually enough to keep their coat looking great and their shedding under control. During spring and autumn, they go through a heavy seasonal shed (“coat blow”), and daily brushing during these times will help manage the extra hair.
Bathing needs are minimal – most Border Collies only need a bath every three months or so, unless they get into something messy. Too much bathing can dry out their skin and coat, so it’s best to keep baths occasional. Always use lukewarm water and a gentle dog shampoo, and brush your dog before you bathe them to avoid clogging your drain with loose hair.
When grooming, be sure to:
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Brush before bathing – it helps remove loose fur and makes bath time easier.
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Use dog-specific grooming products – human shampoos are not suitable.
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Avoid getting soap in their eyes – rinse thoroughly and gently.
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Use tepid water – too hot can cause discomfort or skin dryness.
As for trimming – no, Border Collies don’t need haircuts. Their coat is designed to protect them in both hot and cold weather, and shaving can actually interfere with their coat’s ability to regulate temperature. The only trimming that might be needed is a quick tidy-up around the feet or back legs for neatness. Definitely never shave your Border Collie, as it can lead to uneven coat regrowth or skin issues.
In addition to coat care, regular nail trims are essential. If you can hear their nails clicking on the floor, it’s time for a trim. Aim to check and trim their nails at least once a month. If you’re unsure how to do this, a groomer can help. Routine care should also include a check of their ears for any dirt or redness, and providing dental chews or brushing their teeth to maintain oral health.
With a simple, regular grooming routine and the occasional bath, your Border Collie will stay clean, healthy, and looking their best – without the need for fancy salon visits or trims.
Diet & Nutrition
Feeding a Border Collie a balanced, high-quality diet is essential to support their overall health, wellbeing, and steady energy levels. At Jeszacia, our Border Collies are bred to be calm, well-adjusted companions, and their dietary needs reflect this lifestyle.
Whether feeding a premium commercial kibble or a well-prepared home-cooked diet, the key is to ensure your dog receives a complete and balanced mix of nutrients. High-quality animal-based proteins (such as chicken, beef, lamb, or fish) support muscle health and overall vitality. Healthy fats provide energy and help maintain a glossy coat, while whole grains and vegetables offer beneficial fibre, vitamins, and minerals.
While some owners choose diets formulated for “active” dogs, most Jeszacia Border Collies do well on standard, well-balanced meals suited to medium-sized dogs with moderate energy levels. If you opt for a raw or home-cooked diet, it’s best to consult with a veterinary nutritionist to ensure nutritional completeness.
Feeding by Life Stage
Puppies (under 1 year) require food designed for growth—either a puppy formula or an all-life-stages food—fed in smaller, more frequent meals (3–4 meals daily up to 6 months, then 2–3 meals).
Adults (1–7 years) generally thrive on two measured meals a day, morning and evening. Portion sizes vary depending on size and lifestyle, but most adult Border Collies will eat around 1.5 to 2.5 cups of high-quality kibble daily, divided into two meals.
Seniors (8+ years) may benefit from a diet with slightly fewer calories and easily digestible ingredients to help maintain a healthy weight and support joint health.
Always adjust food portions based on your dog’s condition. A healthy dog should have a visible waist and easily felt ribs under a light fat covering. Regular weight checks and body assessments help keep them at their best.
Special Considerations
Some Border Collies may experience food sensitivities or allergies. If signs like itchy skin, digestive issues, or recurring ear infections arise, your vet may recommend switching to a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic formula.
Our Border Collies do enjoy their food and treats, and it’s important to maintain balance—especially when using treats during training. Avoid overfeeding by using healthy training rewards and sticking to portion-controlled meals.
With the right nutrition, your Border Collie will maintain steady energy, a healthy weight, and a beautiful coat—ready to enjoy life by your side.
Common Health Issues
Border Collies are generally a healthy breed, especially when sourced from responsible breeders who perform health screenings. They have an average lifespan of around 12–15 years, and many remain active and happy well into their senior years. However, like all purebreds, they are prone to certain inherited health conditions. Prospective owners should be aware of these issues and work with breeders and veterinarians to support preventative care. Below are some health concerns occasionally seen in the breed.
Hip Dysplasia
An abnormal formation of the hip joint that can lead to arthritis and discomfort. Breeders typically screen parent dogs with hip X-rays and scoring to reduce the incidence. Dogs with mild dysplasia may manage well with proper weight control and joint supplements; more severe cases can require surgical intervention.
Elbow Dysplasia
A hereditary joint issue affecting the elbows. It is less common than hip dysplasia but can cause front limb lameness. X-ray screening of breeding dogs helps reduce risk.
Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA)
A congenital eye condition that affects the development of the retina. Severity ranges from mild to vision-impairing. A DNA test and early eye exams help breeders avoid producing affected pups.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
A degenerative eye disease that leads to gradual vision loss. Though not extremely common, it does occur. DNA testing helps breeders identify carriers.
Deafness
Border Collies can experience either congenital (present at birth) or adult-onset deafness. Merle and predominantly white dogs are more likely to carry the congenital form. Many deaf dogs adapt well using hand signals.
Epilepsy
Idiopathic epilepsy can appear in young adults. While not curable, it is often manageable with veterinary-prescribed medication. Dogs with epilepsy should not be bred.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL)
A serious genetic neurological disease causing progressive decline in young adult dogs. Thankfully, DNA testing now exists and is used by responsible breeders to avoid affected pairings.
Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS)
A rare immune condition where affected puppies fail to thrive due to immune dysfunction. A DNA test exists and is used by ethical breeders to prevent it.
Multi-Drug Resistance Mutation (MDR1)
A gene mutation that causes sensitivity to certain medications (like ivermectin or specific anaesthetics). Dogs can be DNA tested, and vets can easily avoid problematic drugs if the dog is positive.
Border Collie Collapse (Exercise-Induced Collapse)
Also known as “the wobbles,” this condition causes temporary weakness after overexertion. It is still being researched. Managing it involves recognising early signs and avoiding overexertion.
Other Considerations
Border Collies, like all dogs, can experience general health issues such as cancer, allergies, hypothyroidism, or arthritis with age. These do not occur at unusually high rates in the breed.
Preventative Care
Most health concerns in the breed can be avoided or minimised by choosing a puppy from a breeder who performs thorough genetic and orthopaedic testing. Ask for results such as hip and elbow scores and DNA tests for conditions like CEA, TNS, NCL, PRA, and MDR1. Jeszacia Border Collies are carefully bred with these health considerations in mind.
Once your puppy is home, routine vet visits, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight are all essential to long-term wellbeing. Gentle exercise and mental stimulation also support overall health without the need for excessive physical activity. With informed care and a responsible breeding foundation, Border Collies can enjoy long, happy, and healthy lives.
Lifespan & Aging
A well-cared-for Border Collie typically lives around 12 to 15 years, with many remaining happy and healthy well into their teens. Some live to 16 or 17 years with good genetics, diet, and veterinary care. This life expectancy is consistent with other medium-sized breeds, and slightly above average for purebred dogs in general.
As Border Collies age—usually around 8 or 9 years old—they may begin to slow down, rest more, or need a gentler routine. Jeszacia Border Collies tend to age gracefully, maintaining their affectionate nature and calm companionship well into their senior years. Supporting their changing needs can help them feel comfortable and content as they grow older.
Joint Health
Older dogs often experience some stiffness or arthritis. You may notice your dog taking more time to get up or becoming less eager for long walks. Providing soft bedding, keeping them warm, and using non-slip rugs indoors can make a big difference. Many senior dogs benefit from joint supplements (like glucosamine and omega-3s), and your vet may recommend medications if needed for comfort.
Exercise & Activity
Even as they slow down, senior Border Collies still need regular movement to stay healthy. Gentle, consistent walks or short play sessions are ideal. Swimming can be a low-impact activity if available. Jeszacia dogs typically don’t require intense or prolonged exercise—just a steady routine that matches their energy on any given day. Listening to your dog’s cues is key: some days they may feel more playful, others they may just want to relax.
Diet for Seniors
As metabolism slows, senior dogs often need fewer calories. Switching to a senior formula or reducing portion sizes can help prevent weight gain, which is especially important for joint health. If appetite decreases or sudden weight loss occurs, a vet check may be needed. Ensuring fresh water is always available supports kidney function and hydration as dogs age.
Routine & Comfort
Older dogs thrive on predictability. A consistent schedule for meals, walks, and sleep can help them feel secure. Providing a quiet, accessible resting space—away from younger pets or loud activity—allows your senior dog to relax when needed. Ramps or steps can assist them in getting onto furniture or into the car if mobility changes.
Health Monitoring
Senior Border Collies benefit from veterinary checkups at least twice per year. Common aging concerns include dental disease, arthritis, thyroid changes, and kidney function. Your vet may recommend blood tests or other monitoring. Watch for subtle changes at home—like drinking more, confusion, or weight shifts—and follow up promptly if anything seems off.
Mental Stimulation
Even in their golden years, Border Collies appreciate gentle mental engagement. Practicing familiar cues, using puzzle toys, or offering quiet enrichment games can keep their minds sharp. This mental activity may also help delay age-related cognitive decline (sometimes called canine cognitive dysfunction).
Sensory Changes
Senior dogs may experience reduced hearing or vision. You may notice your dog not responding to sounds or becoming startled when touched. These changes are normal and usually well-managed. Using hand signals, keeping furniture in familiar spots, and approaching gently can help maintain their confidence.
Lots of Love
Older Border Collies often become more affectionate and in-tune with their families. They enjoy being nearby, receiving attention, and simply sharing time with the people they love. A soft spot to nap, a brush through their coat, or quiet companionship by your side are all things your senior dog will treasure.
Caring for a senior Border Collie is about thoughtful adjustment and continued love. With attentive care, regular vet support, and a peaceful environment, they can enjoy their later years with comfort and joy. After years of loyal companionship, they deserve all the care and kindness we can give.
Living Conditions & Adaptability
Border Collies are highly adaptable dogs who thrive most in environments where they feel connected to their family. At Jeszacia, our Border Collies are bred for calm, balanced temperaments, making them well-suited to a variety of living situations—from rural properties to suburban homes and even city apartments.
These dogs enjoy spending time with their people and appreciate a safe, peaceful environment. While having access to a secure yard is a bonus, it’s not essential. Many Jeszacia Border Collies are perfectly content in smaller spaces, provided they receive regular companionship, gentle exercise, and mental engagement.
Inside the home, Border Collies naturally settle into a routine and often choose a favourite spot where they can quietly observe or nap near family members. They are polite indoors and thrive when included in daily activities. Rather than needing constant stimulation or “jobs to do,” our dogs are happy to simply be part of family life—whether that’s relaxing on the verandah, following you from room to room, or lounging nearby during quiet moments.
When living in apartments or homes without yards, it’s helpful to offer daily walks and interaction. These dogs are calm by nature and do not require high-intensity activity. Instead, they appreciate consistency and presence. Puzzle toys, gentle training routines, or just spending time together can keep them satisfied and settled.
Climate-wise, Border Collies adapt well to a range of weather conditions. Their double coat offers protection from both cold and heat, though care should always be taken in extreme temperatures. In warmer climates, be mindful of exercise during the hottest parts of the day and ensure they always have access to fresh water, shade, and a cool place to rest. In colder climates, they enjoy the chill but still need a warm indoor space to relax—especially as they age.
Jeszacia Border Collies are family-oriented dogs who do best when they live indoors and have regular human interaction. They do not thrive when left alone for long periods or confined to a backyard with little contact. If you work long hours, consider options like a trusted pet-sitter or occasional doggy daycare to help provide company and routine.
In summary, Border Collies can live happily in many types of homes—as long as they are treated as part of the family. Their calm temperament, loyalty, and adaptability make them wonderful companions in rural, suburban, and urban settings alike. With a loving environment, gentle care, and consistent companionship, they will thrive no matter where they live.
Learning and Versatility
Border Collies are known for their intelligence and responsiveness, and at Jeszacia, our dogs are bred for calm, even-tempered personalities that make them ideal family companions. Their willingness to learn and connect with their owners means they adapt easily to a range of homes and lifestyles.
Rather than needing constant activity or high-stimulation jobs, Jeszacia Border Collies are content being part of everyday life. They enjoy being included in family routines, learning basic cues, and participating in calm enrichment activities that engage their mind without overwhelming their senses.
These dogs are quick learners and thrive with positive reinforcement. Teaching gentle commands, building daily routines, or offering quiet mental enrichment—like puzzle toys or low-key training games—helps foster their natural attentiveness. Many families find joy in teaching their Jeszacia Border Collie simple tricks or involving them in day-to-day tasks like waiting patiently at the door or walking calmly on a lead.
While Border Collies have a heritage in working roles, Jeszacia has focused on preserving the breed’s intelligence and trainability without encouraging high-intensity behaviours. Our dogs are not bred for herding, trialing, or competitive sports—they’re bred for calm companionship, reliable manners, and a peaceful presence in the home.
Whether you're relaxing at home, going on a stroll, or spending quiet time outdoors, a Jeszacia Border Collie is happy to be by your side—engaged, loyal, and ready to share life with you.